Sunday, August 4, 2019

From 2018: Genetic Endowments and Wealth Inequality

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From 2018: Genetic Endowments and Wealth Inequality. Daniel Barth, Nicholas W. Papageorge, Kevin Thom. NBER Working Paper No. 24642, May 201...

Genetic & environmental sources of individual differences in homophobic tendencies towards gay men: A large proportion of genetic factors (82%) contribute to individual differences in homophobia

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Sources of Individual Differences in Sociopolitical Orientations: Findings from Combining Behavior Genetic with Multi-Rater Approaches. Alex...

Homosexual consumers show negative responses to heterosexual imagery; doesn't happen in the opposite direction

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Consumer Responses to Homosexual Imagery in Advertising: A Meta-Analysis. Martin Eisend & Erik Hermann. Journal of Advertising, Jul 17 2...

Functional connectivity shows age-related increases within resting-state networks & age-related decreases between them; genetic influences on functional connectivity remain stable throughout adolescence

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Genetic and environmental influences on functional connectivity within and between canonical cortical resting-state networks throughout adol...

A Decline in Propensity Toward Risk Behaviors Among US Adolescents

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Borodovsky, Jacob and Krueger, Robert F. and Agrawal, Arpana and Grucza, Richard, A Decline in Propensity Toward Risk Behaviors Among US Ado...
Saturday, August 3, 2019

Links between distress & time perception suggest the possibility of downward spirals during stressful waiting periods, such that distress makes time seem to slow down, which then exacerbates distress

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Associations between Subjective Time Perception and Well‐Being during Stressful Waiting Periods. Kyla Rankin  Kate Sweeny  Sandra Xu. Stress...

Techniques have been identified that can modify memories at both stages of initial storage and re-storage, but implementation into clinical therapies has produced inconsistent benefits

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Memory editing from science fiction to clinical practice. Elizabeth A. Phelps & Stefan G. Hofmann. Nature, volume 572, pages 43–50 (2019...

J‐curve association between alcohol intake and varicose veins in Japan: The Shimane CoHRE Study

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J‐curve association between alcohol intake and varicose veins in Japan: The Shimane CoHRE Study. Kunie Kohno  Hiroyuki Niihara  Tsuyoshi Ha...

Re-analysis of data reveals no evidence for neonatal imitation in rhesus macaques

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Re-analysis of data reveals no evidence for neonatal imitation in rhesus macaques. Jonathan Redshaw. Biology Letters, July 24 2019, https://...

Social media comparisons: More likely to be upward than downward, & making more frequent & more extreme upward comparisons yielded greater declines in self-evaluations, mood, & life satisfaction

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When Every Day is a High School Reunion: Social Media Comparisons and Self-esteem. Claire Midgley. Psychology School, Toronto Univ. PhD Thes...

Evaluating the evidential value of empirically supported psychological treatments (ESTs): Failing to strengthen efficacy

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Sakaluk, J. K., Williams, A. J., Kilshaw, R. E., & Rhyner, K. T. (2019). Evaluating the evidential value of empirically supported psycho...

Participants increased in well-being when they were assigned to act extraverted & decreased when they were assigned to act introverted; changing behavior associated with personality is possible

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Margolis, S., & Lyubomirsky, S. (2019). Experimental manipulation of extraverted and introverted behavior and its effects on well-being....

The influential hypothesis that humans imitate from birth – and that this capacity is foundational to social cognition – is currently being challenged from several angles

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Individual differences in neonatal ‘imitation' fail to predict early social cognitive behaviour. Jonathan Redshaw  Mark Nielsen  Virgin...
Friday, August 2, 2019

Sibling analysis of 232 mice: Twins were exposed to either enriched or impoverished environments; enrichment was associated with an increase in the heritability of some personality & cognitive traits

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Mouse twins separated when young: A history of exploration doubles the heritability of boldness and differentially affects the heritability ...

Paternal biobehavioral influence on the family: Preliminary data from the D.A.D.I.O. Project

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Paternal biobehavioral influence on the family: Preliminary data from the D.A.D.I.O. Project. Nikki J Clauss, Erin Harrington, Jennifer Byrd...

The duty to vote is more widespread than the duty to be informed and almost half of those who say that they have a moral obligation to vote indicate that they do not have a duty to keep informed

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Is It a Duty to Vote and to be Informed? André Blais, Carol Galais, Danielle Mayer. Political Studies Review, August 1, 2019. https://doi.or...
Thursday, August 1, 2019

The Embryos of Turtles Can Influence Their Own Sexual Destinies Just by Moving Within the Egg

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The Embryos of Turtles Can Influence Their Own Sexual Destinies. Yin-Zi Ye et al. Current Biology, August 1 2019. https://doi.org/10.1016/j....

Nonstate actors (environmentally motivated organizations/individuals, tolerated or even covertly sponsored by states) appear to have increasing power, in part due to new technologies that alter actors’ capacities & incentives

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Highly decentralized solar geoengineering. Jesse L. Reynolds & Gernot Wagner. Environmental Politics, Jul 29 2019. https://doi.org/10.10...

Univariate analyses of structural neuroimaging data: Sex was identified with a balanced accuracy of 82.6% in cisgender, but only with 67.5% in transgender participants

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Sex Matters: A Multivariate Pattern Analysis of Sex- and Gender-Related Neuroanatomical Differences in Cis- and Transgender Individuals Usin...

In this large population‐based study, either a beneficial or no effect of advanced parenthood on child problem behavior was observed

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Parental Age and Offspring Childhood Mental Health: A Multi‐Cohort, Population‐Based Investigation. Maria A.J. Zondervan-Zwijnenburg et al. ...
Wednesday, July 31, 2019

Clearance rates for murder & other serious crimes have declined significantly for almost 60 years despite significant technological improvements in police investigations; the reasons are not well understood

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Rethinking criminal investigations. John E. Eck, D. Kim Rossmo. Criminology &Public Policy, July 31 2019. https://doi.org/10.1111/1745-9...

The 2015 Volkswagen emissions scandal: A natural experiment to provide evidence that collective reputation externalities matter for firms; it reduced the U.S. sales of the other German auto manufacturers

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Firms and Collective Reputation: a Study of the Volkswagen Emissions Scandal. Ruediger Bachmann, Gabriel Ehrlich, Ying Fan, Dimitrije Ruzic....

Gossipers who punish social norm violators are evaluated positively

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Gossipers who punish social norm violators are evaluated positively. Mark D. Cloud, Melinda M. Funk, Jaime M. Cloud. Human Behavior and Evol...

Incidence & causes of human error as a source of adverse events associated with surgical care: 56.4% adverse events were due to human error, of which cognitive error accounted for 51%

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Analysis of Human Performance Deficiencies Associated With Surgical Adverse Events. James W. Suliburk et al. JAMA Netw Open. 2019;2(7):e1980...

Choosy Gulf pipefish males ignore age but prefer active females with deeply keeled bodies (choose by body depth and display); ornamentation has no effect

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Choosy Gulf pipefish males ignore age but prefer active females with deeply keeled bodies. Andrew P. Anderson, Adam G. Jones. Animal Behavio...

Personality similarity associated with formation and maintenance of male social bonds in macaques; males did not adapt their personality to their partners.

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Personality homophily affects male social bonding in wild Assamese macaques, Macaca assamensis. Anja Ebenau et al. Animal Behaviour, Volume ...

Even though chili peppers can elicit aversive oral burn and pain, cues of foods containing chili recruit brain circuits underlying cue reactivity and craving for drug and natural rewards

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Extreme spicy food cravers displayed increased brain activity in response to pictures of foods containing chili peppers: An fMRI study. Yizh...

This speaks against the idea that worldview defense following mortality salience occurs because mortality salience produces higher physiological arousal

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Effects of mortality salience on physiological arousal. Johannes Klackl and Eva Jonas. Front. Psychol., Jul 2019, doi: 10.3389/fpsyg.2019.01...

Assisted childbirth, due to high mortality, is ubiquitous; this feature likely played a critical role in shaping human sociality & may have been mediated by women’s ability to detect & respond to the hormonal status of other women

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The role of oxytocin in social support during pregnancy. Citlally Contreras, Elizabeth Pillsworth. Human Behavior and Evolution Society 31st...

Researchers have long theorized about the function of self‐esteem; could be a monitor of fundamental psychological need satisfaction

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Self‐esteem as a monitor of fundamental psychological need satisfaction. Jennifer L. Howell, Nicholas Sosa, Hannah J. Osborn. Social and Per...

Free will as a process of generative self-construction, by which an iterative search process samples from experience in an adaptively exploratory fashion, allowing the agent to explore itself in the construction of alternative futures

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Neurocognitive free will. Thomas T. Hills. Proceedings of the Royal Society B, Volume 286, Issue 1908. July 31 2019. https://doi.org/10.109...

The more controlling and invested the women were, the more they engaged in mate guarding overall as well as confronted rivals, publicized their relationship, escorted their partner, used covert tactics, monopolized, & were aggressive

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Validity of the mate guarding scale in women. Alita J. Cousins, Lauren E. Beverage, Madeleine A. Fugere. Human Behavior and Evolution Societ...
Tuesday, July 30, 2019

Factors giving confidence to date girls: Of height, strength, athleticism, muscularity, erect penis size, flaccid penis size, face, hair, & weight, the only relevant factors were perceptions of relative strength and erect penis size

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Masculinity and dating confidence. Ro Cunningham, Cassidy Best, Yasmin Akbari, David Frederick. Human Behavior and Evolution Society 31st an...

Aberrant brain gray matter in murderers

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Aberrant brain gray matter in murderers. Ashly Sajous-Turner et al. Brain Imaging and Behavior, July 5 2019. https://link.springer.com/artic...

Poor test-retest reliability of task-fMRI: New empirical evidence and a meta-analysis

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Poor test-retest reliability of task-fMRI: New empirical evidence and a meta-analysis. Maxwell L. Elliott, Annchen R. Knodt, David Ireland, ...

Antisocial behaviour was consistently rated as less genetically influenced than prosocial behaviour; this was true regardless of whether genetic explanations were explicitly provided or refuted

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Asymmetrical genetic attributions for prosocial versus antisocial behaviour. Matthew S. Lebowitz, Kathryn Tabb & Paul S. Appelbaum. Natu...

Strong evidence of profound gender-specific differences between men and women in terms of dietary habits, the taste of food and in the relationship with meal; women have greater nutritional knowledge

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Lombardo, M., Aulisa, G., Padua, E., Annino, G., Iellamo, F., Pratesi, A., Caprio, M. and Bellia, A. (2019), "Gender differences in tas...

Women are less likely than men to comment online, particularly on state, national, or international topics, more likely to comment on local news

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The Gender Gap in Online News Comment Sections. Emily Van Duyn, Cynthia Peacock, Natalie Jomini Stroud. Social Science Computer Review, July...
Monday, July 29, 2019

Reactions to Male-favoring Vs. Female-favoring Sex Differences: The average man & average woman reacted more positively to the female-favoring sex differences

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Stewart-Williams, Steve, Dr, Andrew G. Thomas, Jesse D. Blackburn, and Chern Y. M. Chan. 2019. “Reactions to Male-favoring Vs. Female-favori...