Thursday, November 11, 2021

Novel projects of scientific & tech innovation: We found causal evidence of a negativity bias, where evaluators lower their scores by more points after seeing scores more critical than their own rather than raise them after seeing more favorable scores

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Conservatism Gets Funded? A Field Experiment on the Role of Negative Information in Novel Project Evaluation. Jacqueline N. Lane , Misha Tep...

There is a general gender difference in paraphilic interests, such that men report more interest (and greater engagement) in a variety of paraphilic behaviors

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Sex Drive as a Possible Mediator of the Gender Difference in the Prevalence of Paraphilic Interests in a Nonclinical Sample. Enya Levaque, S...

55 cultural groups from 33 nations: Those who saw themselves as more connected to others and those who emphasized commitment to others above self-interest were more likely to endorse the value of looking after the environment

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Self-Construals and environmental values in 55 cultures. Hamish Duff et al. Journal of Environmental Psychology, November 7 2021, 101722. ht...

Men more highly value same-sex friends who are physically formidable, possess high status, possess wealth, & afford access to potential mates; women more highly value friends who provide emotional support, intimacy, & useful social information

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Sex differences in friendship preferences. Keelah E.G. Williams et al. Evolution and Human Behavior, November 10 2021. https://doi.org/10.10...

Adaptation to incentives: Proposed Child Tax Credit Expansion would lead 1.5 million workers (2.6% of all working parents) to exit the labor force; child poverty would only fall by 22% (instead of estimated 34pct) & deep child poverty would not fall at all

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Corinth, Kevin and Meyer, Bruce and Stadnicki, Matthew and Wu, Derek, The Anti-Poverty, Targeting, and Labor Supply Effects of the Proposed ...

Resting heart rate as biological correlate of antisocial spectrum behavior: Effect sizes are largest for the most violent offenders & for psychopathy, while they are smaller for physical aggression, laboratory aggression, & antisocial personality disorder

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Heart Rate and Skin Conductance Associations with Physical Aggression, Psychopathy, Antisocial Personality Disorder and Conduct Disorder: An...
Wednesday, November 10, 2021

Pets and Politics: Do Liberals and Conservatives Differ in Their Preferences for Cats Versus Dogs?

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Pets and Politics: Do Liberals and Conservatives Differ in Their Preferences for Cats Versus Dogs? Chantelle Ivanski, Ronda F. Lo, Raymond A...

In this work, we report the experimental realization of a zero-knowledge protocol involving two separated verifier–prover pairs; security is enforced via the physical principle of special relativity

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Experimental relativistic zero-knowledge proofs. Pouriya Alikhani, Nicolas Brunner, Claude Crépeau, Sébastien Designolle, Raphaël Houlmann, ...

Some popular beliefs about the economy are at odds with expert research; they check if a refutation text changes people’s beliefs about rent controls; with economics students, most people stick to their beliefs after reading the refutation text

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Dispelling misconceptions about economics. Jordi Brandts et al. Journal of Economic Psychology, November 9 2021, 102461. https://doi.org/10....
Tuesday, November 9, 2021

Guatemalan university students: Men held more traditional attitudes about gender and the family than did women on all measures; gender differences on all scales were mediated by cynicism and religiosity

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Social Axioms Mediate Gender Differences in Gender Ideologies Among Guatemalan University Students. Sandra Elizabeth Luna-Sánchez et al. Jou...

Negative Emotion Decision-Making Dynamics: Amygdala-Prefrontal Pathways show that, behaviorally, girls exhibit higher response caution & more effective evidence accumulation, boys show more impulsive response

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Developmental Sex Differences in Negative Emotion Decision-Making Dynamics: Computational Evidence and Amygdala-Prefrontal Pathways. Jiahua ...

It was women, not men, who were more likely to report being aroused by aggression, mostly consensual; & were also more likely to report actively seeking for aggression and wanting to see more aggression in mainstream pornography

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Who Seeks Aggression in Pornography? Findings from Interviews with Viewers. Eran Shor. Archives of Sexual Behavior, Nov 8 2021. https://link...

Like-minded political discussion are rare, and the readiness to engage in them is more strongly determined by personality than by ideology or the means of communication

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The Role of Personality in Political Talk and Like-Minded Discussion. Shelley Boulianne, Karolina Koc-Michalska. The International Journal o...

People told the most lies per social interaction over synchronous, distributed, and recordless media (the phone, video chat),; lying rates were also associated with aversive personality traits, plus antisocial, and relational deception motives

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Revisiting the Relationship Between Deception and Design: A Replication and Extension of Hancock et al. David M Markowitz. Human Communicati...

Wrongful convictions' awards: Average is $6.1 million ($1334/day of incarceration); initial incarceration is valued at over $50,000 for the first day; year one is valued at $1.5 million ($4000/day); marginal cost of the 10th year is $350,000 ($950/day)

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Pain, suffering, and jury awards: A study of the cost of wrongful convictions. Mark A. Cohen. Criminology & Public Policy, November 8 20...
Monday, November 8, 2021

The illiterate Himba, Namibia, are more intuitive, more religious, happier, and less utilitarian than the French participants

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A 21st century cognitive portrait of the Himba, a remote people of Namibia. Bastien Trémolière, Jules Davidoff, Serge Caparos. British Journ...

Females responding with greater self-protectiveness than males: Mount stronger immune responses to many pathogens; react to threats with greater fear, disgust and sadness; develop more threat-based clinical conditions than males

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Self-Protection as an Adaptive Female Strategy. Joyce F. Benenson, Christine E. Webb and Richard W. Wrangham. Behavioral and Brain Sciences ...

Those assigned to restrict social media reported relatively few benefits (increased mindfulness, but not higher life satisfaction autonomy, competence, & self-esteem, and reduced loneliness & stress) & even some costs (more negative emotion)

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Walsh, Lisa C., Annie Regan, Karynna Okabe-Miyamoto, and Sonja Lyubomirsky. 2021. “Does Putting Away Your Smartphone Make You Happier? the E...

Common sense: The mobile internet AND old media polarized the Left, but not so much the Right; "what polarized the Right was…the polarization of the Left"

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Mobile Internet and Political Polarization. Nikita Melnikov. November 1, 2021. https://b0ac9a84-177d-4e54-a19e-df525dfaf051.filesusr.com/ugd...

Significant difference between gifted and non-gifted participants in terms of Openness to Experience in favor of gifted individuals; no significant differences in terms of extraversion, agreeableness, conscientiousness, & neuroticism

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Personality differences in gifted versus non-gifted individuals: A three-level meta-analysis. Uzeyir Ogurlu &Adnan Özbey. High Ability S...
Sunday, November 7, 2021

We find that the introduction of potatoes led to a sizeable and permanent reduction in conflict

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From 2020... The Long-Run Effects of Agricultural Productivity on Conflict, 1400–1900. Murat Iyigun et al. November 24 2020. https://www.jor...

Sex significantly impacts the function of major depression-linked variants in vivo

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Sex significantly impacts the function of major depression-linked variants in vivo . Bernard Mulvey, Din Selmanovic, Joseph D. Dougherty. bi...

When women had no trait/financial information other than photos of potential mates, they showed mate-choice copying, not when they got personality trait or financial information (only for low-attractiveness and long-term potential mates)

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Trait/Financial Information of Potential Male Mate Eliminates Mate-Choice Copying by Women: Trade-Off Between Social Information and Persona...

Carnivores have good spirits: In a survey of over 2000 adults following a “carnivore diet” (i.e., one that aims to avoid plant foods), health benefits and satisfaction were generally reported

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Behavioral Characteristics and Self-reported Health Status Among 2029 Adults Consuming a “Carnivore Diet.” Belinda S Lennerz, Jacob T Mey, O...

Because firms are owned by risk-averse households, they exert more cognitive effort & make smaller input-choice mistakes in financial statements in aggregate downturns... macroeconomically attentive firms make smaller mistakes

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Attention Cycles. Joel P. Flynn, Karthik A. Sastry. MIT, November 5, 2021. https://economics.mit.edu/files/20302 Abstract: Using data from U...

Past-life memories represent a novel factor in Gender Nonconformity: Children who remembered a life involving a different natal sex were much more likely to exhibit Gender Nonconformity than children who remembered a same-sex life

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From 2018... Childhood Gender Nonconformity and Children’s Past-Life Memories. Marieta Pehlivanova, Monica J. Janke, Jack Lee & Jim B. T...

People agree with numerous myths about personality and personality testing, especially the idea that trauma greatly shapes personality and that personality cannot be measured

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Myths and misconceptions about personality traits and tests. Adrian Furnham, Charlotte Robinson. Personality and Individual Differences, Vol...

We find mean global aggregate damages in 2100 of 0.40% of GDP if global warming is limited to about 2 C, and a mean cost of 3.67% of GDP associated with global warming of 4 C

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Global and regional aggregate damages associated with global warming of 1.5 to 4 °C above pre-industrial levels. R. Warren, C. Hope, D. E. H...